ISBN:

0024-4937

Keywords:

Africa, Burundi, Central Africa, chalcophile elements, cores, East Africa, genesis, ICP mass spectra, intrusions, isotope ratios, Isotopes, Kibaran Orogeny, laterites, layered intrusions, lithophile elements, lithostratigraphy, mafic composition, magmatism, mass spectra, metal ores, metals, mineral composition, Mineral exploration, nickel ores, O-18/O-16, oxygen, petrography, plate tectonics, platinum group, Precambrian, proterozoic, rare earths, rifting, soils, spectra, Stable isotopes, Tanzania, tectonics, textures, ultramafic composition, upper Precambrian

Abstract:

The Kapalagulu and Musongati intrusions are differentiated mafic-ultramafic intrusions, more than 1 km in stratigraphic thickness and several 10 s of km (super 2) in size. They form part of the Kabanga-Musongati belt of intrusions in western Tanzania and Burundi. The intrusions of the Kabanga-Musongati belt were emplaced at ca 1.4 Ga into pelitic sediments of the Burundi and Karagwe-Ankolean Supergroups that accumulated during an early rifting phase of the Kibaran orogeny. The parental magmas to the intrusions were of picritic composition (ca 15% MgO) that assimilated variable amounts of sulfidic sedimentary rocks during emplacement. Modeling suggests that the Musongati magma assimilated ca. 5% of sedimentary material, whereas the Kapalagulu magma assimilated ca. 15% of sediment. Contamination caused enrichment of the magma and the cumulates in incompatible trace elements, the development of negative Nb-Ta-Ti anomalies, and crustal sulfur isotopic signatures (delta (super 34) S = +4.5 to +20). At Kapalagulu, contamination of the parent magma led to the formation of basal olivine melanorite cumulates. In the less contaminated Musongati intrusion dunites and harzburgites formed at the base. Both intrusions are prospective for magmatic Ni and PGE deposits. This is indicated by empirical observations, notably the presence of important Ni sulfide ores at Kabanga and reef-type PGE concentrations at Musongati and Kapalagulu. It is also supported by theoretical considerations, namely the high-magnesian composition of the parental magmas and the abundance of sulfides in the host sedimentary rocks. Weathering of the ultramafic rocks resulted in a thick lateritic crust that contains up to >4 ppm PGE and, at Musongati, hosts one the world's largest Ni-laterite deposits. Abstract Copyright (2008) Elsevier, B.V.

Notes:

GeoRef, Copyright 2018, American Geological Institute.<br/>2008-076190<br/>Kabanga-Musongati Belt<br/>Kapalagulu Intrusion<br/>Musongati Intrusion<br/>western Tanzania