Publication Type:
Book ChapterSource:
Flow of rocks; field analysis and modeling; in celebration of Paul F. Williams' contribution to mentoring, Elsevier, Oxford, International, Volume 33, p.271-279 (2011)ISBN:
0191-8141Keywords:
Antalya Complex, Asia, bedding, Bowser Lake Group, British Columbia, Canada, clastic sediments, deformation, eastern canada, folds, Goldenville Formation, gravity sliding, Horton Group, identification, Jurassic, liquefaction, Maritime Provinces, Mesozoic, Middle East, mud, Nova Scotia, overprinting, Paleozoic, planar bedding structures, Sand, sandstone dikes, sedimentary structures, sediments, slopes, soft sediment deformation, structural analysis, tectonics, turkey, Upper Jurassic, Western CanadaAbstract:
Soft-sediment deformation structures are common on passive continental margins, in trenches at subduction zones, and in strike-slip environments. Rocks from all these tectonic environments are incorporated into orogens, where soft-sediment deformation structures should be common. However, recognizing soft-sediment structures is difficult where superimposed tectonic structures are present. In seeking characteristic features of soft-sediment deformation, it is important to separate questions that relate to physical state (lithified or unlithified) from those that address the overall kinematic style (rooted or gravity driven). One recognizable physical state is liquefaction, which produces sand that has much lower strength than interbedded mud. Hence structures which indicate that mud was stronger than adjacent sand at the time of deformation can be used as indicators of soft-sediment deformation. These include angular fragments of mud surrounded by sand, dykes of sand cutting mud, and most usefully, folded sandstone layers displaying class 3 geometry interbedded with mud layers that show class 1 geometry. All these geometries have the potential to survive overprinting by later superimposed tectonic deformation; when preserved in deformed sedimentary rocks at low metamorphic grade they are indicators of liquefaction of unlithified sediment during deformation. Abstract Copyright (2011) Elsevier, B.V.
Notes:
GeoRef, Copyright 2018, American Geological Institute.<br/>2011-064161<br/>Mount Dilworth<br/>Sofular Formation
