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Abstract:

The breakup of supercontinent Columbia is recorded by Mesoproterozoic extensional basins along the western margin of Laurentia. The early Mesoproterozoic Belt-Purcell basin, in west-central Laurentia, and the broadly correlative Trampas and Yankee Joe/Defiance basins, in southwestern Laurentia, developed during rifting of Columbia and the onset of separation of Laurentia from Australia. Provenance studies on these basins have demonstrated an influx of sediment from both Australia and Laurentia. The Australian sediment is characterized by detrital zircon ages within North American magmatic gap (NAMG; 1610-1490 Ma). Younger Mesoproterozoic basins in western Laurentia, such as the Marquenas, Lemhi, and Missoula basins, do not show an Australian source. This change to a Laurentian-only source has been interpreted as separation of the two continents and the disassembly of supercontinent Columbia. New data from two basins in Yukon, Canada, demonstrate a similar evolution for the northwest margin of Laurentia between nearly equal 1.5 and nearly equal 1.3 Ga. Detrital zircon ages from the PR1 basin display a near-unimodal population of 1499+ or -3 Ma. The mineralogical character of the sediment is consistent with a metaplutonic source region. Provenance of PR1 sediment has been interpreted as the Williams and Naraku batholiths of the Mt. Isa Inlier in northeastern Australia and sediment was deposited after 1.46 Ga. Accordingly, the PR1 basin has been interpreted as an extensional basin within Columbia during the onset of rifting between Laurentia and Australia. In contrast, the younger Pinguicula basin provides evidence that Laurentia and Australia had separated by the latter part of the Mesoproterozoic. The Pinguicula detritus has very few grains from the NAMG and the youngest zircon population indicates deposition sometime after nearly equal 1322 Ma. Pinguicula Group provenance studies indicate that sediment in the Pinguicula basin was derived exclusively from Laurentia, with a sparse NAMG population reflecting recycling from earlier Mesoproterozoic basins. Taken together, stratigraphic and provenance data from throughout western Laurentia point to rifting from Australia from nearly equal 1.5-1.45 Ga, followed by the development of an intervening seaway later in the Mesoproterozoic.

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